Scientific Sessions

Catalysis plays a vital role in the efficient and sustainable conversion of biomass into valuable fuels, chemicals, and materials. As the world seeks alternatives to fossil fuels, biomass organic material derived from plants, agricultural waste, or algae emerges as a renewable and abundant resource. Catalysts are essential in breaking down complex biomass structures, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, into simpler molecules. These molecules can then be upgraded into biofuels like ethanol or biodiesel, as well as bio-based chemicals like furfural, levulinic acid, and lactic acid. Both homogeneous (soluble) and heterogeneous (solid) catalysts are used in processes like hydrolysis, hydrogenation, oxidation, and reforming, enhancing reaction rates and selectivity under mild conditions.

Recent advances in catalytic systems have significantly improved the efficiency and sustainability of biomass conversion. For example, bifunctional catalysts combine acid and metal sites to enable one pot reactions, minimizing energy input and waste. The use of green solvents, such as ionic liquids or supercritical fluids, in combination with tailored catalysts, further promotes environmentally friendly processing. Moreover, catalytic pyrolysis and gasification are being explored to transform biomass into syngas and bio-oil, which can serve as feedstocks for further synthesis. Despite the progress, challenges remain in catalyst stability, resistance to deactivation, and scalability. Ongoing research focuses on developing robust, low-cost catalysts from earth-abundant materials and designing integrated biorefineries that can handle various biomass feedstocks. Overall, catalysis is central to unlocking the full potential of biomass as a cornerstone of the circular and low-carbon economy.