Scientific Sessions

Catalysis and adsorption are fundamental processes in chemistry and materials science, playing a crucial role in various industrial and environmental applications. Catalysis refers to the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a substance called a catalyst, which remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed, thereby increasing the rate of reaction without being consumed. Catalysis is broadly classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous types. Homogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in the same phase as the reactants, while heterogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in a different phase. Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in industrial processes such as petroleum refining, chemical synthesis, and emission control systems.

Adsorption, on the other hand, is the process by which atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid adhere to a surface. It is a surface phenomenon that differs from absorption, where a substance diffuses into a bulk material. Adsorption can be physical (physisorption) or chemical (chemisorption), depending on the nature of the interaction between the adsorbate and the surface. This process is critical in environmental cleanup, gas storage, catalysis, and sensor technologies. In catalysis, adsorption is often the first step, where reactants bind to the surface of a catalyst, enabling the reaction to occur more efficiently. Advances in nanotechnology and material science have led to the development of highly efficient catalysts and adsorbents with enhanced surface areas and selectivity, paving the way for more sustainable and energy-efficient processes in chemical industries and beyond.